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UPSC Mains Paper A is a qualifying paper that tests your proficiency in one of the Indian languages listed in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution. Though it doesn't count for merit, failure to qualify means disqualification of your entire Mains attempt—no matter how well you do in other papers.
So, choosing the right Indian language is a strategic and personal decision that should not be taken lightly.
Paper A is compulsory for everyone except candidates from Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Sikkim.
You must choose one Indian language from the list of 22 scheduled languages.
It is 300 marks, qualifying in nature (you need 75 to pass).
The paper includes essay writing, comprehension, translation, grammar, and vocabulary.
If you studied in a regional language till Class 10, choose that.
You’re already familiar with the script, grammar, and usage.
For example:
Studied in Marathi medium → choose Marathi
Mother tongue is Tamil and basic education was in Tamil → choose Tamil
???? Why this works: Less preparation needed. You’re comfortable with the basics.
✅ 2. Avoid Unfamiliar Languages
Do not choose Sanskrit, Urdu, or other less familiar languages just to appear unique.
If you’ve never written essays or letters in that language, avoid it.
⚠️ UPSC expects a decent level of written fluency. This is not a language learning test—it’s a proficiency test.
✅ 3. Consider Script Fluency
Even if you can speak a language fluently, ensure you are comfortable with the script.
Many bilingual aspirants (e.g., Hindi-Marathi, Tamil-English) struggle with writing and reading their mother tongue due to lack of recent practice.
✍️ Pro Tip: Try writing a sample essay or translation passage. If you’re slow or error-prone, reconsider your choice.
✅ 4. Check Availability of Study Material
Choose a language for which you can find:
Previous year papers
Sample translations
Grammar reference books
Coaching notes or help (if needed)
???? Examples: Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Kannada usually have more resources.
✅ 5. Use Exemption Rule If Eligible
If you’re from the Northeastern states mentioned earlier, Paper A is waived.
You only need to appear for Paper B (English).
???? Final Checklist Before Choosing Your Language
|
Criteria |
Yes/No |
|---|---|
|
Did I study this language up to class 10? |
✅ |
|
Am I comfortable writing essays and formal letters in it? |
✅ |
|
Can I read the script easily and write quickly? |
✅ |
|
Are resources like grammar books or past papers available? |
✅ |
If you tick 3 or more, that’s likely the best Indian language for you.
✅ Use this advantage to focus more on GS and Optional preparation.
Choosing the best Indian language for Paper A is about comfort, familiarity, and efficiency—not about impressing the board. Pick the one you’re most confident writing in, and don’t ignore regular practice in grammar, essay, and translation.
Even if you're fluent, practice at least 5 mock papers before Mains. Many aspirants lose out due to silly spelling or grammar errors. Don’t let Paper A be your weak link.
